Fig. 2 S protein of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 with its subdomains are the target of antibodies. The antibodies cited in this review have different origins or techniques, and some of them have specific targets such as the receptor binding domain (RBD) containing the receptor binding motif (RBM), the heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2). Some antibodies could bind SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Background color: Black for SARS-CoV, dark grey for MERS-CoV, grey for SARS-CoV-2. SP: Signal peptide, FP: Fusion peptide, TM: Transmembrane domain, CP: Cytoplasm domain.