The COVID-19 outbreak in the world has 4,860,260 confirmed cases, 318,687 confirmed deaths, and it reached almost 215 countries around the globe, updated on May 18, 2020, by WHO [157]. In India, 100,340 confirmed cases, 3155 deaths, and 39,231 had been recovered from COVID-19 updated on May 18. This COVID-19 is highly associated with the comorbidities and multi-organ injuries [158], so, in this review, we focused on the COVID-19 associated with the risk factors of a different diseased condition. Also, we have given the multi-organ injuries and comorbidities in the SARS-CoV and MERS, which was helpful for the prediction of COVID-19 associated diseased conditions. In this review, we have given the comorbidities risk with the COVID-19 and multi-organ injuries along with the symptoms such as cardiovascular risk through the deregulation of ACE2 with the symptom of hypertension and vasodilation. COVID-19 associated gastrointestinal risks are with the symptoms of vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. Kidney risk associated with COVID-19 is with the symptoms of proteinuria, hematuria, increased albumin, increased level of creatinine, BUN, procalcitonin, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase leads to chronic kidney disease. Along with that, it is connected with diabetes mellitus with a high sugar level. It has a high level of liver injury, determined through the elevated level of the AST, ALT, GGT, and bilirubin. It has a high level of lung injury with the symptoms of chest tightness, wheezing, and dry cough. It is related to the elevated CNS risk through SARS-CoV-2 enters into the olfactory lobe of the brain via a nasal chamber, further causes inflammation and demyelination. It is connected with the ocular risk with the chemosis, epiphora, conjunctivitis, and conjunctival hyperemia with an increased level of neutrophilic, lymphocytic counts, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein. It also has a high risk of lung cancer risk, tuberculosis, venous thromboembolism via an increased level of bleeding. It has a high level of reproductive risk, which indicates the baby has a high risk through intrauterine vertical transmission mode (Represented in Fig. 3 ). We have also given the immunopathological action of it along with COVID-19 and therapeutic action of it focused via anti-TNFα and soluble ACE2 receptor. Added data would further notify the handling of high-risk patients associated with SARS-CoV-2, clinicians necessitate being cognizant of the inadvertent penalty of impulsively discontinuing confirmed therapies in reaction to supposed concerns that could be based on deficient investigational confirmation.
Fig. 3 The symptoms due to the SARS-CoV-2 in normal patients and patients with other co-morbid conditions. The symptoms found SARS-CoV-2 in normal patients and patients with other co-morbid conditions. The typical symptoms that emerged due to SARS-CoV-2 include dry cough, sneezing, and difficulty in breathing, which eventually leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The severity of the SARS not only depends upon the person's age and immunity but also various other co-morbid conditions such as cardiac issues, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tuberculosis, cancer, and venous thromboembolism. The pre-existing co-morbid conditions deteriorate the patient health upon SARS-CoV-2 entry. Also, the SARS-CoV-2 have different effects on different organs which include elevated troponin levels in the cardiac tissue, acute kidney injury, proteinuria and hematuria in the kidney, elevated ALT, AST levels indicating liver damage, conjunctivitis and conjunctival hyperemia in the eye, the intrauterine transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 from mother to the fetus, vomiting, and diarrhea.