Like the SARS-CoV, MERS also has an infection in the airway epithelial cells, which enhances the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN in a delayed manner [81]. Even in the cells of THP-1, macrophage-derived from the human peripheral blood, dendritic cells showed an elevated level of the chemokines such as CCL3, CCL2, IL-2, IL-8, and CCL-5 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a delayed manner during MERS-CoV infection [82,83]. The high level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine associated with the enhanced level of the monocyte, neutrophil numbers in both the lung and peripheral blood, which leads to immune damage [84].