The histopathological findings of the hepatic tissue during MERS-CoV infection include infiltration of lobular lymphocytes, mild cellular hydropic degeneration in hepatic parenchyma, and mild portal tract [73,74]. During the acute phase of infection, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-15 were significantly elevated [75]. But the question of whether liver injury initiated is due to the viral-mediated pathogenesis or due to the drugs that have been used during the viral infection remains elusive [37].