TABLE 3 Comparison of clinical features of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and without LPV/r, in Wuhan
Variable LPV/r No LPV/r p-value
Patients 78 42
Age years 50 (34–61) 57 (36.5–66) 0.11
Male sex 35 (44.9) 19 (45.2) 0.83
Current smoker 8 (10.3) 4 (9.5) 0.74
Comorbidity
 Hypertension 19 (24.4) 13 (31.0) 0.39
 Diabetes 8 (10.3) 2 (4.8) 0.49
 Cardiac disease# 5 (6.4) 2 (4.8) 1.00
 Stroke 2 (2.6) 1 (2.4) 1.00
 COPD or asthma 1 (1.3) 1 (2.4) 0.34
 Chronic renal insufficiency 1 (1.3) 0 (0)
 Malignancy 4 (5.1) 3 (7.1) 0.69
Disease severity 0.02
 General 53 (67.9) 36 (85.7)
 Severe 25 (32.1) 5 (11.9)
 Critical 0 (0) 1 (2.4)
Laboratory findings on admission
 White blood cell count ×109 cells·L−1 0.32
  <4 22 (28.2) 5 (11.9)
  4–10 49 (62.8) 33 (78.6)
  >10 7 (9.0) 3 (7.1)
 Lymphocyte count ×109 lymphocytes·L−1
  <0.8 25 (32.6) 4 (9.5) 0.01
 Platelet count ×109 platelets·L−1
  <100 6 (7.7) 1 (2.4) 0.42
 Creatinine level μmol·L−1
  >133 1 (1.3) 3 (7.1) 0.11
 AST level U·L−1
  >40 21 (26.9) 12 (28.6) 0.87
Treatment
 Corticosteroid therapy 44 (56.4) 10 (23.8) 0.001
 Antibiotics 73 (93.6) 30 (71.4) 0.001
 High-flow nasal canula oxygen therapy 17 (21.8) 4 (9.5) 0.13
 Noninvasive mechanical ventilation 1 (1.3) 1 (2.4) 1.00
 Invasive mechanical ventilation 1 (1.3) 0 (0) 1.00
Outcome
 Viral shedding days 22 (18–29) 28.5 (19.5–38) 0.02
 Hospital length of stay days 23 (19–27) 18.5 (13–22.5) <0.01
Data are presented as n, median (interquartile range) or n (%), unless otherwise stated. AST: aspartate aminotransferase. #: includes congestive heart disease and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.