We believe that IPA is more probable if at least two mycological criteria are met. However, three patients had Aspergillus fumigatus culture without positive qPCR detection or galactomannan antigen in the BAL or BA. Not considering positive culture alone as a diagnostic criterion in accordance with what is accepted,4, 6 would have resulted in underestimating the frequency of putative IPA (22% rather than 30% in our study).