Putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients (sex, age) Probable IPA patient (sex, age)
Patient 1 (male, 53 years) Patient 2 (female, 59 years) Patient3 (female, 69 years) Patient 4 (female, 63 years) Patient 5 (male, 43 years) Patient 6 (male, 79 years) Patient 7 (male, 77 years) Patient 8 (female, 75 years) Patient 9 (male, 47 years)
Risk factors of severe COVID-19 Hypertension, obesity, ischaemic heart disease Hypertension, diabetes, obesity Hypertension, obesity Hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease Asthma Hypertension Hypertension, asthma Hypertension, diabetes None
EORTC risk factors None None None None Steroids None None None Myeloma, steroids
APACHE II score 26 16 11 20 8 16 25 21 10
Thoracic CT-scan/x-ray* Typical COVID-19 Typical COVID-19 Typical COVID-19 Typical COVID-19 Typical COVID-19 Typical COVID-19, segmental lung atelectasis Typical COVID-19, emphysema Typical COVID-19 Typical COVID-19 + one peripheral nodule
Anti-COVID-19 therapies LPV–RTV LPV–RTV, AZI LPV–RTV LPV–RTV AZI LPV–RTV, HCQ, AZI LPV–RTV, HCQ, AZI LPV–RTV, AZI No
Steroids to treat pneumonia† Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
Renal replacement therapy Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No
Vasopressor Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pulmonary specimen‡ BAL BAL BA BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BA
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis
BAL culture§ − + + − + + + + +
BAL/BA qPCR¶ − − 23·9 − − 34·5 29·0 31·7 −
BAL galactomannan index 0·89 0·03 ND 0·15 0·12 0·05 3·91 0·36 ND
Serum qPCR¶ − − − ND − − − − −
β-D-glucan, pg/mL 523 ND 7·8 105 7 23 135 450 14
Serum galactomannan index 0·13 0·04 0·03 0·51 0·04 0·02 0·37 0·37 0·09
Number of mycological criteria 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1
Antifungal therapy None None None None None None VRC CSP None
Outcome Alive Alive Alive Death (day 0) Alive Alive Death (day 18) Death (day 11) Death day 3)