Table 1:  Haemodynamic parameters in the 2 groups with and without force transducers
Parameter  With force transducers  Without force transducers
Single ring  Double ring   P-value  Single ring  Double ring   P-value
HR (min−1)  87 ± 15  101 ± 15  NS  108 ± 18  102 ± 19  NS
LVP max (mmHg)  106 ± 14  110 ± 14  NS  87 ± 11  99 ± 15  NS
TvP max (mmHg)  38 ± 14  43 ± 17  0.04  21 ± 7  33 ± 17  0.04
LV dP/dt max (mmHg/s)  1833 ± 432  1778 ± 416  NS  1589 ± 429  1675 ± 442  NS
Total ECC time (min)  276 ± 36
Cross-clamp time (min)  149 ± 12
All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
ECC: extracorporeal circulation; HR: heart rate; LVP: left ventricular pressure; Max: maximum; LV dP/dt: time derivative of left ventricular pressure; TvP: transvalvular pressure; NS: non-significant.