We investigated the global dispersal of COVID-19 according to ambient temperature using data of approximately 3,750,000 global confirmed COVID-19 cases from January 21, 2020 to May 6, 2020. The results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has a greater chance of survival in the ambient environment within the optimal temperature zone, suggesting that more attention should be paid to preventive measures when the air temperatures are between 5 °C and 15 °C. Moreover, about 73.8% of the confirmed cases were concentrated in the absolute humidity range of 3 g/m3 to 10 g/m3, with a peak at 5 g/m3. The present study provides information about the survival of SARS-CoV-2, the transportation of the virus in the atmosphere on a global scale, and the modeling of the dispersal of viral diseases. Our findings are important for public health and suggest that air temperatures in hospitals and at home should be set outside the range of 5 °C to 15 °C. Furthermore, measures to prevent the disease should be implemented in areas within the optimal climatic zone, where the survival of SARS-CoV-2 may be enhanced. Policy makers need to establish an early warning system for pandemics by considering bioaerosol transport on a transcontinental or even a global scale. Such system should include weather forecasting and climatological analysis.