Fig. 8 CLQ-OH/ATM combination therapy at the molecular level. (a) ATM bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer. (b) Ganglioside dimer (two symmetrically arranged GM1 molecules in a typical chalice-like shape, just like the one observed in lipid raft simulations) bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer. Note that both ATM and gangliosides share the same binding region. (c) ATM prevents ganglioside binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer. CLQ-OH, once bound to gangliosides (blue and orange surfaces), also prevents any interaction with the viral spike. (d) 4 CLQ-OH molecules bound to a ganglioside dimer. Each GM1 molecule is blocked by two CLQ-OH molecules (blue and orange surfaces), which wrap around the saccharide part. (e) Detail of the 134-138 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stretch bound to GM1. Note that the ganglioside interacts with Q-134 and F-135, but not with D-138. (f) Detail of the 134-138 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stretch bound to ATM. In this case, the binding site includes D-138 in addition to Q-134 and F-135. Note that N-137, which interacts with both ATM and GM1, is not visible in these representations as it is located behind.