Supplementary Table 2 Direct Evidence of Proposed COVID-19 Therapies
Medication class Medication Sourcea Study Design GI adverse effects
Nausea/vomiting Abdominal pain Diarrhea Jaundice Hepatotoxicity
Antiviral Favipiravir Cai, 2020109 Open-label control study (favipiravir and lopinavir/ ritonavir) for COVID-19 NR NR 2/35 (5.7%) had diarrhea 1/35 (2.9%)
Chen, 202092 Open-label RCT for favipiravir vs arbidol (n = 120) in COVID-19 “Digestive tract reactions” 16/116 (13.79%) NR 9/116 (7.76%)
Lopinavir/ritonavir Cao,89 2020 RCT in severe COVID-19 (n = 199) 10/95 with nausea + 6/96 vomiting (reported separately) vs 0/99 with nausea and 0/99 with vomiting in control 4/95 in treatment group vs 2/99 in control group 4/95 in treatment group vs 0/99 in control group 6/95 in treatment group vs. 5/99 in control group Elevated AST: 4/95 in treatment vs. 9/99 in control group; Elevated ALT: 2/95 in treatment vs 5/99 in control group
Remdesivir Holshue,103 2020 Case report (first COVID in United States): remdesvir given day 7; no adverse events reported
Antimalarial Chloroquine Cortegiani,104 2020 Systematic review on efficacy and safety in COVID-19 Not reported in systematic review or primary studies
Hydroxychloroquine
NR, not reported.
a Sources include existing systematic reviews where possible. If not available, primary sources are listed.