Disease prevalence can also affect economic development. One channel is the fertility decision which leads to changes in the demographic structure (e.g., Durevall and Lindskog 2011; Chin and Wilson 2018). Fogli and Veldkamp (forthcoming) show that because a dense network spreads diseases faster and higher income is positively correlated with more closely connected social network, infectious diseases can reduce long-run economic growth by limiting the size of social networks.