Moreover, most of the best available anti-viral agents are not helpful in the treatment of COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial of 199 hospitalized adults with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrated no actual difference between patients who received lopinavir-ritonavir and patients who received standard care alone in clinical improvement, death rate, and positive virus test rate at day 28 [1]. Here we review intermediate indicators of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 that have the potential of being considered for the treatment of COVID-19.