Macrolides such as azithromycin are very commonly used antibacterial agents; however, they have also received considerable attention for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. These two properties may ensure some efficacy in a wide spectrum of respiratory viral infections [31,32]. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate efficacy of macrolides in respiratory viral infections, including rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus. Macrolides also reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which were induced by RSV infection, viral titers, RNA of RSV replication, and the susceptibility to RSV infection. Similar effects of macrolides on influenza virus infection and augmentation of IL-12 by macrolides, which is essential in reducing virus yield, were reported [32].