to the WHO on December 31, 2019 and soon after identified the causative pathogen as a betacoronavirus with high sequence homology to bat coronaviruses (CoVs) using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as the dominant mechanism of cell entry (Lu et al., 2020a, Wan et al., 2020b). Following a likely zoonotic spillover, human-to-human transmission events were confirmed with clinical presentations ranging from