Although the antibodies targeting the RBD of the S protein have greater potential for providing cross-protective immunity, other fragments of the S protein and additional viral proteins have been investigated as target epitopes, especially for T cells. Researchers have taken advantage of the genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV and bioinformatics approaches to rapidly identify potential B and T cell epitopes in the S and other proteins, with many studies providing data regarding antigen presentation and antibody-binding properties and one study looking into the predicted evolution of epitopes (Ahmed et al., 2020, Baruah and Bose, 2020, Bhattacharya et al., 2020, Fast et al., 2020, Grifoni et al., 2020, Lon et al., 2020, Zheng and Song, 2020). While the S protein has been found to be the most immunodominant protein in SARS-CoV-2, the M and N proteins also contain B and T cell epitopes, including some with high conservation with SARS-CoV-1 epitopes (Grifoni et al., 2020).