Appendix A  Supplementary data
The following are the supplementary data to this article:

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Prof. Zhipeng Qiu from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Prof. Tailei Zhang from Changan University, Dr. Jiao Huang from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Mr Zhiming Jiang from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Appendix A  Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.010.