No respiratory failure Severe respiratory failure
Bacterial SARS-CoV-2 p value Bacterial SARS-CoV-2 p value
Number of patients 48 26 56 28
Age (years, mean ± SD) 74.8 ± 16.8 59.2 ± 10.3 <0.0001 74.0 ± 12.6∗ 67.8 ± 10.8# <0.0001
Male gender (n, %) 25 (52.1) 15 (57.7) 0.807 27 (48.2)∗ 25 (89.3)∗∗ 0.0003
APACHE II score (mean ± SD) 18.50 ± 8.19 5.88 ± 3.40 <0.0001 26.63 ± 8.52∗∗ 10.17 ± 3.64## <0.0001
SOFA score (mean ± SD) 7.87 ± 3.81 1.50 ± 0.82 <0.0001 11.46 ± 3.15∗∗ 5.71 ± 2.19## <0.0001
CCI (mean ± SD) 5.53 ± 2.13 2.16 ± 1.46 <0.0001 5.57 ± 2.20∗ 3.39 ± 2.16## <0.0001
PSI (mean ± SD) 146.5 ± 43.2 80.0 ± 30.7 <0.0001 177.4 ± 40.4∗∗∗ 121.2 ± 28.3## <0.0001
Laboratory values (mean ± SD)
 Total white blood cell count (/mm3) 13,852.7 ± 7279.3 6379.6 ± 1993.9 <0.0001 17,666.9 ± 12,799.9∗ 9447.8 ± 3308.6## <0.0001
 Absolute platelet count (x103 /mm3) 201.3 ± 124.8 243.8 ± 109.1 0.141 224.3 ± 111.0∗ 213.9 ± 71.8∗ 0.654
 INR 1.28 ± 0.64 1.11 ± 0.15 0.187 1.33 ± 0.45∗ 1.17 ± 0.20∗ 0.077
 aPTT (secs) 37.19 ± 12.95 33.40 ± 6.22 0.165 38.42 ± 23.00∗ 37.52 ± 9.88∗ 0.844
 Fibrinogen (mg/dl) 475.6 ± 196.3 528.9 ± 152.5 0.234 495.3 ± 290.5∗ 693.5 ± 188.6# 0.002
 D-dimers (g/dl) 7.66 ± 13.9 2.76 ± 2.02 0.079 1.46 ± 1.62∗∗ 5.43 ± 6.41∗ <0.0001
 Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.55 ± 1.00 0.85 ± 0.19 0.001 1.71 ± 0.90∗ 1.11 ± 0.43# 0.001
 Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 1.43 ± 1.92 0.67 ± 0.50 0.052 1.17 ± 1.88∗ 0.97 ± 0.68∗ 0.588
 AST (U/l) 155.1 ± 308.1 39.9 ± 28.5 0.062 311.7 ± 748.2∗ 76.6 ± 59.2# 0.102
 ALT (U/l) 234.6 ± 764.3 40.2 ± 24.9 0.200 175.8 ± 378.0∗ 64.3 ± 62.2∗ 0.126
Main comorbidities (n, %)
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus 13 (27.1) 4 (15.4) 0.386 21 (37.5)∗ 6 (21.4)∗ 0.214
 Chronic heart failure 8 (16.7) 3 (11.5) 0.737 18 (32.1)∗ 4 (14.3)∗ 0.114
 Coronary heart disease 7 (14.6) 2 (7.7) 0.479 10 (17.9) 5 (17.9)∗ 1.0