CD4 Cell and NK Cell Cytopenias Are Characteristics of Infection by SARS-CoV-2
(A–E) Absolute counts of CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes (A), CD3+CD8+CD45+ lymphocytes (B), CD3+CD16+CD56+CD45+ lymphocytes (C), CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells (D), and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes (E) among healthy volunteers, patients with CAP caused by the 2009H1N1 influenza virus, and patients with CAP caused by COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 are classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.
(F–J) absolute counts of CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes (F), CD3+CD8+CD45+ lymphocytes (G), CD3+CD16+CD56+CD45+ lymphocytes (H), CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells (I), and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes (J) among patients with severe respiratory failure developing in the field of CAP caused by the 2009H1N1 influenza virus and COVID-19.
(K) IL-17 production by PBMCs after stimulation with heat-killed Candida albicans.
Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors. Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.