Figure 1 Characteristics of Immune Dysregulation of COVID-19
(A) Absolute numbers of the molecules of the human leukocyte antigen (mHLA-DR) on CD14 monocytes. Patients with bacterial CAP and CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 are classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, immunoparalysis for bacterial CAP and dysregulation for COVID-19, and MAS.
(B) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of healthy volunteers and of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
(C) Ferritin concentrations in the serum of patients with bacterial CAP and sepsis and CAP caused by SAR-CoV-2 according to their state of immune activation.
(D) Hemophagocytosis score among patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
(E) Absolute neutrophil counts among patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
(F) Absolute monocyte counts among patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors. Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.