Several viruses have been implicated to different degrees in the contamination of HCPs during surgery: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), bovine papilloma virus and human papilloma virus (HPV). Most of the studies published on the risk of transmission have used in vitro analyses. Several studies have focused on HPV (during the treatment of warts or condylomas) with cases of laryngeal papillomatosis, recognised as an occupational illness in one nurse [2]. In the 2000s, it was difficult for researchers to measure the biological activity of viral DNA in order to assess its infectiousness [3]. However, viable HIVs have been found in cell cultures, especially when aerosol-generating devices are used, although the viability of HIVs is still being debated, and the potential risk of contamination by smoke has not been quantifiable. [4], [5].