Acknowledgements We thank the following experts from different hospitals in China for their supports to this paper: Baozeng Wang, Department of Infections, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Bing Zhang, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University Chenhong Fan, Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Daoyong Liu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University Dong Li, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Dong Xu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Fajin Lv, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Fei Shan, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Guangping Zheng, Department of Radiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Haikun Du, Department of Radiology, Xining First People’s Hospital Haikuo Wang, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Haoliang Li, Department of Radiology, Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University Hongjun Li, Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University Housheng Ma, Department of Radiology, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital Huadan Xue, Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Jiaojiao Liu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University Jiawen Luo, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Jin Lv, Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital Junhui Zheng, Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Lei Shi, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Li Fan, Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Longjiang Zhang, Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University Min Jiang, Department of Radiology, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center Ming Yang, Department of Radiology, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital Minjie Zhang, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University Pan Liang, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Pengfei Geng, Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Puxuan Lu, Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention Center Rengyin Zhang, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Rongmeng Jiang, Department of Infections, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University Shengyuan Lai, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Shouyong Shi, Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Shuang Xia, Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital Shucong Xu, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics Shuo Li, Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University Songfeng Jiang, Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital Wenluan Fan, Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital Xiaopeng Du, Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University Xiaoyi Duan, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xin Dai, Department of Radiology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center Xingui Peng, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University Xiongying Yu, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of South Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Yanqing Fan, Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital Yantao Niu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Yaqin Zhang, Department of Radiology, The fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Yijun Zhang, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Yong Zhang, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Yuxin Shi, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Zaiyi Liu, Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University Zhenying Xia, Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University Zhiying Yang, Medical Imaging Center, Dazhou Central Hospital Ziqiao Lei, Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology