Studies in 2018-2019 confirm that 90 % of Chinaʼs groundwater is contaminated; tap water is not safe due to water contamination by the continued dumping of toxic human and industrial waste, because oxygen levels have obliterated normal organisms in all major rivers and only algae continue to flourish. Air quality remains “very unhealthy” and continues to have a major toll on public health, resulting in 350,000 to 400,000 premature deaths.33,34 It remains unclear whether China will ever meet its air pollution goals, letalone participate in global climate commitments to reduce carbon emissions.34