For example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2.