Antibodies and antibody fragments are among the most commonly utilized biorecognition elements for pathogen detection using electrochemical biosensors. Biosensors employing antibody-based biorecognition elements are commonly referred to as immunosensors. Given antibodies exhibit high selectivity and binding affinity for target species and can be generated for a wide range of infectious agents, antibodies are the gold-standard biorecognition element for pathogen detection. Antibodies contain recognition sites that selectively bind to antigens through a specific region of the antigen, referred to as an epitope (Patris et al. 2016). Antibodies can be labeled with fluorescent or enzymatic tags, which leads to the designation of the approach as label-based. While label-based approaches present measurement constraints associated with the use of additional reagents and processing steps (Cooper, 2009; Sang et al. 2016), antibody labeling may also alter the binding affinity to the antigen, which could affect the biosensor's selectivity. A detailed discussion of label-based biosensing approaches for pathogen detection has been reported elsewhere (Ahmed et al. 2014; Alahi and Mukhopadhyay, 2017; Bozal-Palabiyik et al. 2018; Leonard et al. 2003). A list of recent label-based approaches for pathogen detection using electrochemical biosensors, however, is provided in Table 2.