As shown in Table 1, Table 2, EIS is one of the most commonly used methods for electrochemical detection of pathogens. For example, Zarei et al. used EIS with an Au nanoparticle-modified carbon-based electrode for detection of Shigella dysenteriae (S. dysenteriae) at a LOD of 1 CFU/mL (Zarei et al. 2018). Primiceri et al. used EIS with Au interdigitated microelectrode arrays and Fe(CN)6 3 - /4- to detect L. monocytogenes at a LOD of 5 CFU/mL (Primiceri et al. 2016). Andrade et al. used EIS with a CNT-based electrode for multiplexed detection of E. coli, B. subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis (Andrade et al. 2015).