rNTD protein  N/A  Alum pho + CpG  I.M.  BALB/c mice; Ad5-hDPP4 mice  Elicits MERS-CoV S-NTD-specific Abs (IgG, ≥ 1:104) in mice, neutralizing pseudotyped and live (1:40) MERS-CoV (EMC2012 strain)  Induces MERS-CoV S-NTD-specific cellular immune responses (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A) in mice  Protects vaccinated Ad5-hDPP4-transduced mice from challenge of MERS-CoV (EMC2012 strain, 105 PFU) with reduced lung abnormalities and respiratory tract pathology  Jiaming et al., 2017