S1 protein  N/A  Advax + SAS  I.M.  Dromedary camels; Alpacas  Elicits neutralizing Abs in dromedary camels (≥ 1:80) and alpacas (≥ 1:6.4 × 102) against live MERS-CoV (EMC2012 strain)  N/A  Protects vaccinated dromedary camels and alpacas from challenge of MERS-CoV (EMC2012 strain, 107 TCID50) with reduced and delayed viral shedding in the upper airways (in camels) or complete protection (in alpacas)  Adney et al., 2019