S318-510 protein  N/A  Alum; Alum + CpG  S.C.  129S6/SvEv mice  Elicits SARS-CoV-specific Abs (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) in mice. Reduces neutralization after removing glycosylation  Induces SARS-CoV S-specific cellular immune responses (IFN-γ) in mice  N/A  Zakhartchouk et al., 2007
Subunit vaccines based on non-RBD SARS-CoV S protein fragments
S1 and S1-foldon proteins  N/A  TiterMax Gold; Alum Hydro + MPL  S.C. or I.M.  BALB/c mice  Elicit SARS-CoV S-specific Abs (IgG, > 1:104) in mice, neutralizing (1:1.7 × 102 for S1; 1:90 for S1-foldon) live SARS-CoV (Urbani strain)  N/A  Protect vaccinated mice from challenge of SARS-CoV (Urbani strain, 105 TCID50) with unde