Unlike the four low pathogenic human CoVs, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1, which cause mild to no pathogenesis in humans, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-CoV are three highly pathogenic human CoVs (Channappanavar and Perlman, 2017; Cui et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2020).