Diffraction data were processed and scaled with HKL-2000 software. The structures were solved by molecular replacement (MR) in Phenix47 using HCoV-OC43 N-NTD (PDB:4J3K) as the search model.24 The initial models were rebuilt and refined by Coot48 and Phenix. Structures were visualized using PyMOL (The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System, version 2.3.0).49