Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
Cyclooxygenase-2 may modulate excessive pro-inflammatory responses in severe influenza [30]. In addition to the above study of naproxen–clarithromycin added to oseltamivir [23], preliminary results from a RCT (n = 120) showed that the combination of celecoxib-oseltamivir compared to oseltamivir alone reduced mortality and cytokine levels, although not viral titers, in hospitalized influenza A(H3N2) patients without increased adverse effects [31].