Statistical analysis For HCMV plaque assays, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis in SPSS. For BI6 n = 25; degrees of freedom between groups = 4 and within groups = 20. The F value is 68.827. For CH19 n = 24; degrees of freedom between groups = 4 and within groups = 19. The F value is 41.090. For fusion experiments, Pair-wise Student t-tests were used to compare the outcome of a manipulation on fusion as compared to the control. Error bars are SEM (n ≥ 3). HCMV DNA copy numbers expressed as percent of control. Significance was set at P < 0.05. P values were obtained using a two-tailed t-test. All measurements were performed in duplicate. Standard curves were included on each run. For ZIKV, the data were analyzed using unpaired, two tailed student’s t test and represented as mean± standard error. Experiments were done independently at least three times and a value of p ≤ 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.