GA inhibits HSV-1 infection. (A) 1 × 107 PFU HSV-1 strain F were treated for 1 hour with 50 µM GA (Lanes 1–3) or with vehicle (Lanes 4–6) in serum free DMEM and then were used to infect HEp2 or 293T cells at an MOI of 0.5 in 199V medium with final concentration of 2.5 µM GA. 6-well cultures of HEp-2 (A) or 293T (B) were then infected, and at 5, 10 and 29 hours post-inoculation, cells were collected and a fraction of the total cell lysate was subject to Western Blot analysis using antibodies directed against ICP8, ICP27, US11 and β-Actin. (C) HEp2 cell monolayers were treated with 10 µM GA C15:1 or vehicle for 1 hour in 199V medium and then infected with HSV-1 strain F at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 32 hours post-inoculation cells were collected and a fraction of the total cell lysate was subject to Western Blot analysis using antibodies directed against ICP8, ICP27, US11 and β-Actin. Normalized ratios of protein expression are in the bar graph. (D) Titration by plaque assay of Vero cells pretreated with 10 µM GA C15:1 or vehicle and then infected with GFP-HSV-1 strain 17+.