The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) [18]
The Chinese version of the GSES was used to measure the feelings of self-efficacy by the medical staff [18]. The scale consisted of ten items, with a score for each item of between 1–4, and the total score of 10–40, with the final points were divided by 10. Higher scores indicated higher self-efficacy [18]. The Chinese version of the GSES has previously been shown to have high sensitivity and validity [18]. The Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency for the use of the GSES was 0.805.