Table 1  Details of reported therapeutic strategies to counter 2019-nCoV infection
Study details  Sample size  Therapeutic agents  Outcome
[28]  4 patients  All patients received oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. All patients were treated with antibiotic, lopinavir, ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC (a traditional Chinese medicine). However, only one seriously ill patient received i.v. immunoglobulin. All patients were treated with antivirals for 6-15 days  3 patients improved, last patient still on ventilator (but improved)
[12]  41 patients  Antibiotic therapy was administered in 100% cases (n=41). 93% (n=38) patients received oseltamivir. 22% (n=9) patients received systematic corticosteroids  Discharged=68% (n=28)
Antiviral therapy: Overall 38 (93%), ICU setting 12 (92%), non-ICU care 26 (93%)  Death=6 patients
Antibiotic therapy: Overall 41 (100%), ICU setting 13 (100%), non-ICU setting 28 (100%)  Death: Overall 6/41, ICU 5/13, non-ICU 1/28
Use of corticosteroid: Overall 9 (22%), ICU settings 6 (46%), non-ICU settings 3 (11%)
[32]  Clinical data from 137 2019-nCoV- infected patients  Patients were treated symptomatically and given respiratory support. Immunoglobulin was given to few patients depending upon clinical severity and response. No benefit was observed from systematic corticosteroid. Notably, early respiratory support facilitated disease recovery and improved prognosis. The risk of death was primarily associated with age, underlying chronic diseases, and median interval from the appearance of initial symptoms to dyspnea  Patients with higher age at presentation and concomitant disease were more likely to show features of respiratory failure and had poorer outcome
[30]  138 patients  90% of patients received oseltamivir. The most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone (25%), moxifloxacin (64%), and azithromycin (18%). Around 45% of patients received additional glucocorticoid therapy  Still admitted=61.6% (n=85)
9.4% of patients required additional vasopressor and 1.44% of patients required renal replacement therapy  Discharged=34% (n=47)
Severity of disease was an important determinant of antiviral and corticosteroid therapy. However, no effective outcomes were observed  Death=4.3% (n=6)
[29]  99 patients  All patients were treated in isolationAntiviral therapy given to 76% patients (n=75). The antivirals used were oral oseltamivir, i.v. ganciclovir and lopinavir/ritonavir tablets. The duration of antiviral therapy ranged from 3 to 14 days70 patients received antibiotic treatment. In case of secondary bacterial infection, culture and sensitivity were used as a guide for antibiotic therapy. The duration of antibiotic therapy ranged from 3 to 17 days19 (19%) patients were also treated with additional corticosteroids for a duration of 3-15 daysNoninvasive ventilator=13, invasive ventilator=4, ECMO=3, and requirement of RRT=9  Discharged=31% (n=31)Died=11 (11%)Details of death patients:7/11 deaths age >60 yearsLong history of smoking=3MuLBSTA score could predict outcomeLymphopenia=8Bilateral pneumonia=7Hypertension=3
[31]  2 patients  Both the patients were treated with i.v. corticosteroid, human gamma globulin, antibiotics (moxifloxacin), antiviral (oseltamivir and abidol hydrochloride) and Chinese herbal medicine Tanreqing i.v. gtt  Both patients recovered
SFJDC=Shufeng Jiedu Capsule, ICU=Intensive care unit, i.v.=Intravenous, ECMO=Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, RRT=Renal replacement therapy