We first confirmed that Meth increases HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T-cells, as shown in previous studies (Figure 5A) (5, 54). Next, we assessed the effects of Meth on release of IL-1β under various conditions. Cells were pretreated for 24 h with Meth before exposure to HIV-1; Meth was then administered daily. At 1 day post infection, we observed significantly increased release of IL-1β in cells either exposed to HIV-1 or HIV+Meth (Figure 5B). However, at 2 days post infection, we observed decreased release of IL-1β.