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PMC:7019868 / 23720-31530 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id tao:has_standard_notation
490 2199-2203 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
456 94-99 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
457 214-219 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
458 253-277 Species denotes porcine deltacoronavirus Tax:1586324
459 296-337 Species denotes swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Tax:2032731
460 1078-1082 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
461 1255-1259 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
462 2095-2099 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
463 14-21 Species denotes Porcine Tax:1586324
464 279-284 Species denotes PDCoV Tax:1586324
465 339-347 Species denotes SADS-CoV Tax:2032731
466 1293-1300 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
467 1316-1323 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
468 1362-1369 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
469 1381-1388 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
470 1885-1892 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
471 2033-2040 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
472 22-39 Disease denotes epidemic diarrhea MESH:D003967
473 1612-1620 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
488 4657-4660 Gene denotes NSP Gene:92521
489 5027-5030 Gene denotes NSP Gene:92521
491 3365-3369 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
492 3424-3428 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
493 3994-3998 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
494 4212-4219 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
495 5092-5099 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
496 5111-5118 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
497 5175-5182 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
498 5212-5218 Chemical denotes PEDVPT
499 2850-2857 CellLine denotes BJ2011C CVCL:K772
500 3727-3733 CellLine denotes BJ2011 CVCL:K772
501 4936-4943 CellLine denotes BJ2011C CVCL:K772
515 5899-5904 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
516 5939-5943 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
517 6412-6416 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
518 6657-6661 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
519 6901-6905 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
520 6051-6058 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
521 6498-6505 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
522 6635-6642 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
523 6704-6715 Chemical denotes sialic acid MESH:D019158
524 6115-6123 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
525 6136-6151 Disease denotes villous atrophy MESH:C564019
526 6588-6593 Mutation denotes C144T rs1196025750
527 6604-6609 Mutation denotes T554C c.554T>C
531 7319-7323 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
532 7486-7490 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
533 7643-7647 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295

LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 6704-6715 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY denotes sialic acid

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T117 1150-1154 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T118 1414-1418 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T119 1509-1513 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T120 1682-1686 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T121 1767-1775 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T122 1793-1797 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T123 2407-2417 Body_part denotes nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T124 2596-2600 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T125 2792-2796 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T126 3075-3079 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T127 3157-3161 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T128 3232-3236 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T129 3273-3277 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T130 3514-3518 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T131 3708-3715 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T132 3810-3814 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T133 3973-3981 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T134 4399-4403 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T135 4463-4471 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T136 4719-4723 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T137 4898-4902 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T138 5422-5432 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T139 5473-5477 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T140 5619-5624 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T141 5729-5733 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T142 5882-5887 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T143 6037-6041 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T144 6340-6344 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T145 6535-6545 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T146 6872-6883 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T147 7478-7482 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T148 7529-7533 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T26 31-39 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T27 302-316 Disease denotes acute diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000257
T28 308-316 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T29 339-343 Disease denotes SADS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0054866
T31 1225-1235 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T32 1612-1620 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T33 5944-5953 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T34 6115-6123 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T257 62-63 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T258 158-163 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T259 378-383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T260 502-503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T261 529-530 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T262 646-647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T263 730-736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T264 753-758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T265 1150-1154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T266 1196-1198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T267 1353-1360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T268 1414-1418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T269 1450-1455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T270 1509-1513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T271 1558-1563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T272 1682-1686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T273 1745-1750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T274 1793-1797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T275 2045-2050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T276 2109-2110 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T277 2184-2185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 2270-2277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T279 2596-2600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T280 2792-2796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T281 2913-2914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T282 3025-3032 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T283 3075-3079 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T284 3091-3097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T285 3109-3110 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T286 3145-3146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T287 3157-3161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T288 3232-3236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T289 3273-3277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T290 3278-3283 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T291 3514-3518 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T292 3658-3667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T293 3735-3740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T294 3797-3798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T295 3810-3814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T296 4077-4082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T297 4098-4103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T298 4140-4145 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T299 4224-4229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T300 4399-4403 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T301 4485-4488 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T302 4719-4723 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T303 4781-4786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T304 4798-4799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T305 4898-4902 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T306 4944-4949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T307 5223-5225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T308 5448-5450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T309 5473-5477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T310 5567-5569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T311 5567-5569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T312 5614-5618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T313 5614-5618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T314 5619-5624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T315 5729-5733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T316 5757-5759 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T317 5757-5759 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T318 5877-5881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T319 5877-5881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T320 5882-5887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T321 5955-5961 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T322 6037-6041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T323 6075-6076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T324 6340-6344 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T325 6348-6350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T326 6365-6366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T327 6510-6515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T328 6646-6651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T329 6942-6943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T330 6966-6969 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T331 7117-7122 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T332 7133-7135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T333 7133-7135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T334 7304-7305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T335 7478-7482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T336 7529-7533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T337 7537-7538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T114 2407-2417 Chemical denotes nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T115 3708-3715 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T116 3973-3981 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T117 4463-4471 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T118 5422-5432 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T119 5422-5427 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T120 5428-5432 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T121 5567-5569 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T122 5757-5759 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T123 6535-6545 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T124 6535-6540 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T125 6541-6545 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T126 6704-6715 Chemical denotes sialic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667
T127 6711-6715 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T128 6872-6883 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T129 6872-6877 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T130 6878-6883 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T131 6958-6965 Chemical denotes epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000
T132 7133-7135 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T52 693-705 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T53 1475-1484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T54 1475-1484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T55 1495-1503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T56 1596-1610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T57 1924-1933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T58 1924-1933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T59 2082-2091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T60 2082-2091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T61 2550-2559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T62 2550-2559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T63 2764-2773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T64 2764-2773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T65 3627-3641 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019068 denotes viral assembly
T66 3658-3667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T67 3815-3823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T68 3846-3855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T69 3846-3855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T70 3999-4012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009653 denotes morphogenesis
T71 4173-4187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T72 4254-4263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T73 4254-4263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T74 4277-4291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T75 4688-4697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T76 4688-4697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T77 4823-4832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T78 4823-4832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T79 6019-6027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T80 6099-6113 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T81 6473-6482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T82 6473-6482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T83 7491-7503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T165 0-2 Sentence denotes 4.
T166 3-13 Sentence denotes Discussion
T167 14-172 Sentence denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) to date remains a colossal burden to the global swine industries owing to the lack of successful vaccine in the field [12,13].
T168 173-479 Sentence denotes Moreover, other emerging and re-emerging swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) [24], and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) [25], further complicate the field condition by affecting diagnostic accuracy and increasing the risk of viral recombination [26].
T169 480-614 Sentence denotes Hence, there is still a pressing need to develop a safe and effective vaccine, particularly the LAV, to mount this disastrous disease.
T170 615-772 Sentence denotes The reverse genetics system is a powerful and widely used tool to study viral pathogenesis and novel LAV design by active modification of genes of interests.
T171 773-956 Sentence denotes Previous studies using reverse genetics on other coronaviruses have identified many virulent/attenuating determinants that might be shared among different genus of coronaviruses [12].
T172 957-1094 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, direct evidences of attenuation due to harboring those mutated determinant(s) in pigs are still limited in PEDV [16,23,27].
T173 1095-1419 Sentence denotes In the present study, to investigate the role of the S gene in the attenuation process of the PEDVPT 52 strain, we generated four infectious cDNA clones of G2b PEDV, including the parental virulent iPEDVPT-P5, attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, as well as two chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S) with exchanged S gene.
T174 1420-1651 Sentence denotes We found that the iPEDVPT-P96 virus fully regained the virulence after the exchange of S gene derived from the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 virus, showing comparable patterns of viral shedding, diarrhea and histopathological changes.
T175 1652-1871 Sentence denotes Our data confirmed that the S gene is the primary attenuating determinant of the iPEDVPT-P96 virus and the genetic backbone other than the S gene involving the attenuation of the iPEDVPT-P96 might be of less importance.
T176 1872-2051 Sentence denotes However, the iPEDVPT-P5-96S still exhibited partial virulence resulting in severer villous attenuation and higher mortality rate compared to those caused by the iPEDVPT-P96 virus.
T177 2052-2128 Sentence denotes This result supports that the virulence of PEDV might be a multigenic event.
T178 2129-2253 Sentence denotes In the present study, the first pair of cDNA clones of a virulent G2b PEDV and its derived attenuated strain were generated.
T179 2254-2493 Sentence denotes Since these two viruses were closely related to each other, this established platform would allow for easier manipulate in studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism for identifying potential virulent/attenuating determinate(s).
T180 2494-2627 Sentence denotes In the present study, we demonstrated that reversion of virulence or attenuation occurred after the S gene was reciprocally replaced.
T181 2628-2897 Sentence denotes However, this finding is in disagreement with previously published results by Wang et al. [17], indicating that there was an absence of virulence reversion after S gene substitution between the highly virulent G2b strain, BJ2011C, and the avirulent G1a strain, CHM2013.
T182 2898-2997 Sentence denotes There could be a few reasons for the discrepancy between our observations that of previous studies.
T183 2998-3046 Sentence denotes First, the autonomy of the viruses is different.
T184 3047-3296 Sentence denotes Viral attenuation in serial cell-culture or animal passage is a progressive process that involves a series of gene mutations and the subsequent alternated cooperative interplay between gene products and mechanisms influencing cell-virus interaction.
T185 3297-3528 Sentence denotes Although the patterns of attenuating mutation are similar among G2b PEDV strains, the asynchronous mutations between different PEDV strains could lead to loss of the cooperative or complementary function(s) for other gene products.
T186 3529-3616 Sentence denotes In the previous study, the used viral strains belonged to different genogroups [17,28].
T187 3617-3716 Sentence denotes Efficient viral assembly requires proper signaling and interaction between each structural protein.
T188 3717-4013 Sentence denotes Since the BJ2011C virus belonged to genogroup 2b, we speculated that the reason a singular S gene exchange failed to reverse the virulence of the avirulent G1a CHM2013 strain might be due to, at least in part, the suboptimal cooperation between structural proteins in terms of PEDV morphogenesis.
T189 4014-4104 Sentence denotes Second, the degree of attenuation differed between the CHM2013 virus and PEDVPT-P96 virus.
T190 4105-4384 Sentence denotes Comparing to the avirulent CHM2013 virus that induced no detectable viral shedding in two-day-old piglets, iPEDVPT-P96 virus retained some levels of virulence as it caused viral shedding, observable clinical symptoms, and even mortality in the seven-day-old conventional piglets.
T191 4385-4615 Sentence denotes Besides the S gene [17,28], the abolishment of the function of non-structural proteins (NSPs) alone has been demonstrated to attenuate highly virulent PEDVs by disrupting the antagonistic ability of host interferons (IFN) [16,27].
T192 4616-4735 Sentence denotes That means, when the function of certain NSP was abated, PEDVs lose its virulence, regardless of the S gene they carry.
T193 4736-4950 Sentence denotes Therefore, variations of NSPs in the CHM2013 virus might have a critical effect on its virulence, and the effect might be stronger than that contributed by the S gene derived from the highly virulent BJ2011C virus.
T194 4951-5227 Sentence denotes Similarly, we also speculated that the IFN-suppressive function provided by NSP(s) might also contribute to virulent differences between the iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96 since nine mutations were identified in NSPs in the iPEDVPT-P96 as compared with that of PEDVPT-P5 [18].
T195 5228-5309 Sentence denotes Regardless, further studies are needed to clarify the hypotheses mentioned above.
T196 5310-5492 Sentence denotes Sequence comparison between the autologous highly virulent PEDVPT-P5 and attenuated PEDVPT-P96 revealed several amino acid substitutions [18], especially in the S gene (see Table 1).
T197 5493-5633 Sentence denotes Consistent with other studies, these mutations chiefly accumulated in the S2 domain, presumably because of adaptation to Vero cells [12,29].
T198 5634-5954 Sentence denotes In the present study, the enhanced fusogenic ability in vitro was distinctly ascribed to the S gene, more specifically the S2 domain, derived from iPEDVPT-P96 and presumably represented the evolutionary process to increase viral progeny since Vero cells are not of swine-origin but readily susceptible to PEDV infection.
T199 5955-6205 Sentence denotes Animal experiments with seven-day-old piglets revealed that the exchange of the S gene from the iPEDVPT-P96 resulted in a delayed onset of peak viral shedding, diarrhea, and milder villous atrophy when examined histologically at 3 d post-inoculation.
T200 6206-6494 Sentence denotes Additionally, in contrast to the findings published by Wang et al. [17], Suzuki et al. [30] reported that replacement of the entire S gene or S1 sequence from a highly virulent OKN-1/JPN/2013 American type PEDV strain enabled the attenuated rPEDVGFP-CV777 to acquire virulence in piglets.
T201 6495-6652 Sentence denotes In iPEDVPT-P96 virus, however, only two amino acid substitutions were identified in the S10 (C144T) and S1B (T554C) domains compared to the iPEDVPT-P5 virus.
T202 6653-6807 Sentence denotes For PEDV, S10 and S1B domains are known to contain sialic acid-binding and receptor-binding domains, respectively; thus, are crucial for viral entry [31].
T203 6808-6991 Sentence denotes Although Hou et al. [23] previously showed that deletion of 197 amino acids in S10 domain of PEDV resulted in attenuation in piglets, a more specific epitope has yet to be identified.
T204 6992-7191 Sentence denotes Therefore, we are curious about whether only these two mutations in iPEDVPT-P96 can attenuate the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 virus or if the S2 domain must be primarily accounted for the attenuation.
T205 7192-7254 Sentence denotes Future studies will be conducted to elucidate these questions.
T206 7255-7504 Sentence denotes In this study, the first pair of cDNA clones for a virulent G2b PEDV, and its derived attenuated strain were generated, allowing us to use both gain-of-function and lose-of-function approaches to studying the role of the S gene in PEDV pathogenesis.
T207 7505-7656 Sentence denotes We confirmed that the S gene is a crucial virulent/attenuating determinant for the iPEDVPT-P96, but its importance varies among different PEDV strains.
T208 7657-7810 Sentence denotes Thus, other studies’ results alongside our results will provide valuable information for the future generation of novel chimeric or multivalent vaccines.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T19 31-39 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T20 308-316 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T21 1612-1620 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T22 6115-6123 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T23 6136-6151 Phenotype denotes villous atrophy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011473

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31905842-31689903-144353229 165-167 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-27545066-144353230 168-170 27545066 denotes 13
31905842-29569144-144353231 287-289 29569144 denotes 24
31905842-29618817-144353232 350-352 29618817 denotes 25
31905842-30654269-144353233 475-477 30654269 denotes 26
31905842-31689903-144353234 952-954 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-28490591-144353235 1087-1089 28490591 denotes 23
31905842-31689903-144353236 5626-5628 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-28284624-144353237 5629-5631 28284624 denotes 29
31905842-28381581-144353238 6803-6805 28381581 denotes 31
31905842-28490591-144353239 6829-6831 28490591 denotes 23