All animals were anesthetized with xylazine (1 mg/kg) and tiletamin-zolazepam (5 mg/kg). A 2 mg/kg dose of 2% propofol was administered after intravenous line insertion. Animals were intubated and mechanically ventilated as follows: volume control mode with tidal volume of 8–10 mL/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure of 0.6 kPa, FiO2 of 0.3, and respiratory rate adjusted to maintain arterial normocapnia. During surgery, anesthesia was maintained by continuous administration of 2% propofol (4–6 mg/kg/h), fentanyl (8–10 μg/kg/h), and rocuronium (2 mg/kg/h). Drug dosing was halved after surgery. Continuous infusion of Ringerfundin solution (B-Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) was used as a fluid replacement at a dose of 10 mL/kg/h during surgery and 7 mL/kg/h thereafter. Continuous infusion of 10% glucose served to maintain arterial blood normoglycemia.