Abbreviations FP-CIT 2b-carbomethoxy-3b-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein MRI Magnetic resonance imaging PD Parkinson’s disease PET Positron emission tomography (PET) Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Acknowledgements Not applicable. Authors’ contributions JP, JK, K-YK made the clinical diagnosis, and clinical management decisions. They supervised the drafting of the manuscript. JP drafted the first manuscript and reviewed the literature. S-TP, JK, K-YK revised it critically. JK supported making the diagnosis and clinical management decisions as the specialists of genetic study and performed genetic analysis of GFAP. K-YK supervised the drafting of the manuscript and revised it critically. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This work was supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund to Kyum-Yil Kwon. The funding body played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. Availability of data and materials The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is included within the article. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication The subject gave written informed consent for the publication of any associated data and accompanying images. Competing interests Kyum-Yil Kwon is an associate editor of BMC Neurology. Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.