Baseline characteristics and mitral valve repair details
Baseline characteristics of the whole study group are presented in Table 1. Median patient age was 66.5 (IQR 57.8–73.8) years and the majority of patients were male. The repair and procedure details are presented in Table 2. A full ring was used in all patients; the majority of patients (n = 456; 94.2%) underwent either a Physio I (n = 223; 46.1%) or Physio II (n = 233; 48.1%) ring (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) implantation. In 42 (8.7%) patients, a ring size 30 or smaller was implanted.
Table 1:  Baseline characteristics
n = 484
Age (years)  66.5 (57.8–73.8)
Gender (female)  171 (35.3)
Body surface area (m2)  1.93 ± 0.22
NYHA
 I  146 (30.2)
 II  243 (50.2)
 III–IV  95 (19.6)
Hypertension  221 (45.7)
Atrial fibrillation  172 (35.5)
Renal impairment (ml/min/1.73 m2)
 Moderate (CC 50–85)  226 (46.7)
 Severe (CC <50)  41 (8.5)
Diabetes mellitus  22 (4.5)
Chronic lung disease  42 (8.7)
Mitral annular calcification  49 (10.1)
Echocardiographic characteristics
 LVEF ≤60%  134 (27.7)
 LVEDD (mm)a  54 ± 7
 LVESD (mm)a  33 ± 7
 LAD (mm)a  45.0 (40.0–49.0)
EuroSCORE II  1.76 (0.99–3.24)
Degenerative disease subtype
 Barlow’s disease  140 (28.9)
 Forme fruste Barlow’s disease  51 (10.5)
Site of leaflet prolapse
 Posterior leaflet  299 (61.8)
  Single scallop prolapse  234 (48.3)
 Anterior leaflet  41 (8.5)
 Bileaflet  144 (29.7)
Data are presented as n (%) and means ± SD or medians (IQR).
a  Available for ≥95% of patients.
CC: creatinine clearance; IQR: interquartile range; LAD: left atrial diameter; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SD: standard deviation.
Table 2:  Mitral valve repair details
n = 484
Mitral valve annulus
 Plication  102 (21.1)
Anterior mitral valve leaflet repair (neochords)  125 (25.8)
Posterior mitral valve leaflet
 Resection  321 (66.3)
 Leaflet sliding  222 (45.9)
 Neochords  206 (42.6)
 Chordal transfer  9 (1.9)
 Indentation closure  85 (17.6)
Commissural repair  111 (22.9)
Annuloplasty ring type
 Physio I ring  223 (46.1)
 Physio II ring  233 (48.1)
 Other  28 (5.8)
Annuloplasty ring size
 24  1 (0.2)
 26  10 (2.1)
 28  31 (6.4)
 30  62 (12.8)
 32  112 (23.1)
 34  98 (20.3)
 36  77 (15.9)
 38  52 (10.7)
 40  41 (8.5)
Intraoperative mitral valve gradient (mmHg)  1.66 (1.16–2.40)
Concomitant procedures
 Tricuspid valve repair  321 (51.4)
 Radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation  148 (30.6)
 Coronary artery bypass surgery  96 (19.8)
 Aortic valve intervention  28 (5.8)
Data are presented as n (%) and medians (IQR).
IQR: interquartile range.