Network meta-analysis and subgroup analysis compared the efficacy parameters of PFS, OS, ORR, and DCR for regorafenib, TAS-102, and fruquintinib in Asian patients in the five RCTs. In this subgroup analysis, fruquintinib still showed significant superiority for PFS when compared with TAS-102 (HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.84) (Supplementary Figure 1). However, no significant difference was observed in the indirect comparison for OS, ORR, or DCR between fruquintinib, regorafenib, and TAS-102 (Supplementary Figures 2–4). Therefore, the findings from this study supported the superiority of fruquintinib for PFS in Asian patients with refractory mCRC.