At pathologic examination, ypT0, ypT0-1, and ypT0-T2 were observed in 30 (27.3%), 39 (35.5%), and 65 (59.1%) cases, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 34 cases (30.9%). The proportion of patients with a positive CRM was 2.7% in all patients. Of patients who underwent preoperative CRT followed by TME, 29 patients (26.4%) achieved a pCR (Table 2). T downstage was defined as the downstage of the tumor from cT2 to ypT0-1 or cT3 to ypT0-2 or from cT4 to ypT0-3. In all, 68 patients (61.8%, 68/110) were found to have a T downstage after preoperative CRT, and 57 patients (57.1%, 60/105) had less than ypT2 stage in patients with cT3-4 stage.