Figure 4  Effects of P1A3 and P2C7 treatment on macrophages. (A–F): Proinflammatory (TNF-α, COX-2, NOS2, and IL-1α; (A, B, D, and E, respectively) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and IL-10; C and F, respectively) cytokine gene expression was evaluated by qPCR. The results are expressed as mean ± SD; *** p < 0.005, * p < 0.05. The comparisons P1A3 vs. P2C7 vs. basal were undertaken with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. (G–I): Proinflammatory (TNF-α and NOS2; G and H, respectively) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β; I) cytokine gene expression was evaluated after treatment of BMDM with p2C7 in the presence of Brefeldin A. The results are expressed as mean ± SD, *** p < 0.005, ** p < 0.001 and * p < 0.05. The comparison P2C7 vs. basal was done by Student’s t-test. (J): Nitric oxide synthesis was measured by ozone-chemiluminescence technology with a nitric oxide analyzer. (K): IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL2, IL-6, and IL-10 were analyzed with a cytometric bead array (CBA) mouse inflammation kit in the supernatant of BMDM treated with 100 μg/mL of mimotope peptides and at basal condition. IL-12p70, IL-6, IFN-γ or IL-10 concentrations were below the kit detection limit. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. *** p < 0.005, $ p < 0.01 comparing CCL2 synthesis and # p < 0.05 comparing TNF-α production. The statistical analyses were undertaken with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test.