Table 2.  Gastrointestinal adverse reactions observed per number of treatments.
Adverse reaction  Studies  Total treatments, n  Adverse reactions observed, n (%)  (min%–max%) †
Nausea (overall incidence)  [ 40, 51, 68, 84, 105]  474  161 (34)  (16–57) [ 105] - [ 40]
  Intravenous administration  [ 40, 51, 68]  323  137 (42)  (41–57) [ 68] - [ 40]
  Intravesical administration  [ 105]  151  24 (16)
Vomiting ‡  [ 51, 68]  316  112 (35)  (29 - 71) [ 68] - [ 51]
Nausea and/or vomiting ‡  [ 25, 74, 101]  1557  220 (14)  (8–17) [ 25] - [ 101]
Abdominal cramps/stomach ache ‡  [ 51, 68, 101]  495  16 (5)  (1–19) [ 68] - [ 51]
Halitosis ‡  [ 68]  262  4 (2)
Diarrhea ‡  [ 51, 101]  233  2 (1)  (1–2) [ 101] - [ 51]
† Incidences of the adverse reactions have been calculated for all the individual studies. (min%–max%) are the lowest and highest observed incidence of an adverse reaction.
‡ Intravenous administration.