Implantable BiVAD (e.g. 2 CF-LVADs) support might be considered in patients at high risk of RV failure having bridge to transplant [81, 187–191].
Off-label use of implantable axial-flow or centrifugal LVADs has been adopted as RVAD support in conjunction with implantable LVAD support as an alternative to extracorporeal BiVAD or TAH implantation [192–196].