Due to the limitations of any single criterion to predict HF prognosis and MCS postoperative mortality, comprehensive risk assessment by a dedicated advanced HF team is recommended. Numerous single risk markers and composite risk scores have been derived and validated and are available as interactive online tools that can assist the heart team with comprehensive risk assessments and facilitate informed decisions (Supplementary Material, Table S2) [13–16]. However, most of the prognostic tools were derived and validated in clinical trial populations or from single-centre experiences. Therefore, these may not be generalizable to the ‘real-world’ HF population.