Myocardial recovery reportedly occurs in 5–10% of patients supported with CF assist devices, with higher recovery rates after longer support periods [9, 401]. Myocardial recovery is most likely to occur in patients with dilative cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and peripartum cardiomyopathy [393]. Younger patient age and shorter duration of disease are predictors for myocardial recovery [393]. Myocardial recovery, however, is unlikely in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Different pharmacological therapies to promote myocardial recovery have been proposed. Clearly, continuation and optimization of medical HF therapy and neurohumoral blockage are indicated in potential recovery candidates [71, 398, 402]. Certain subtypes of myocarditis and peripartum cardiomyopathy also respond to medical treatment [403, 404]. Various protocols to identify recovery candidates suitable for weaning from LT-MCS have been proposed [393, 405].