Abbreviations: ADA = American Diabetes Association, BMI = body mass index, DKA = Diabetic ketoacidosis, GAD-Ab = glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, GDR = glucose disposal ratio, HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, IA-2 = insulinoma associated antigen 2, IAA = insulin autoantibody, ICA = islet cell antibody, KPDM = ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus, GTT = oral glucose tolerance test, WBC = white blood cell. HT and YC contribute equally for this article. Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2016SZ0058). No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.