Location and type of symptoms evoked by electrical stimulations of the insular cortex. (1) Somatosensory responses, including nonpainful, nonthermal sensations (light blue, 1A), thermal sensations (medium blue, 1B), and painful sensations (deep blue, 1C). (2) Visceral sensations, including constrictive sensations (light pink, 2A), viscero-vegetative sensations (deep pink, 2B), and viscero-psychic symptoms ( pink, 2C). (3) Vestibular sensations (orange). (4) Auditory sensations (green). (5) Speech disturbances (violet). (6) Olfactogustatory sensations (red for taste, yellow for smell).